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Female house sparrows are plainer than males, appearing as a dusty brown with a pale eyebrow stripe. They are smaller and can live up to 14 years, weighing around 30g, and are highly social, omnivorous birds that nest in colonies and are common in human-inhabited areas.
Appearance
Plumage: A duller, dusty brown overall with streaked backs and pale underparts. They lack the distinct head markings, gray crown, white cheeks, and black bib of the male.
Head Markings: A pale buff eyebrow stripe is a key identifier.
Year-round consistency: Their appearance is similar year-round, unlike males who have a more vibrant breeding plumage.
Behavior and lifestyle
Social: They are very social birds, living and nesting in small, communal groups called colonies.
Diet: They are omnivores, eating a variety of seeds, grains, buds, berries, and insects. They are also opportunistic feeders that readily consume human scraps and food left out for other birds.
Nesting: They build communal nests from dry grass, straw, feathers, and other found materials in places like dense bushes, eaves of buildings, and nest boxes.
Reproduction: A female typically lays 2-5 eggs per clutch, which both parents incubate. Both parents share incubation duties.
