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The pine tree lappet moth is a large moth, native to Europe and Asia, that can cause significant defoliation of coniferous trees, including pine, fir, and spruce. Its larvae feed on needles, and outbreaks can occur in cyclical patterns, sometimes leading to tree death. It is considered an economically important pest, and its spread to new areas, such as the United States, is a risk due to factors like climate change and the human movement of firewood.
Description and habitat
Appearance: It is a large moth with a wingspan of 60–84 mm and can be reddish-brown with grey and brown areas. Females are larger and have darker hind wings.
Habitat: Found in coniferous woodlands, plantations, and parklands.
Taxonomy: Its scientific name is Dendrolimus pini.
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Life cycle and feeding
Larvae: The caterpillars feed on various conifers, with a strong preference for pine species, and can strip needles from entire canopies.
Overwintering: Larvae overwinter in the forest litter and continue feeding in the spring.
Adults: Adults fly at night; males are attracted to light, but females are not.
Seasonal activity: Moths are active from July, and eggs are laid in August. Caterpillars are active from September through the spring and into the summer before pupating.
Impact and pest status
Defoliation: Larvae can defoliate trees, weakening them and making them more vulnerable to other pests and diseases.
Outbreaks: The moth appears in cyclical outbreaks, particularly in areas with large monocultures of trees.
Spread: Its spread to new regions is a concern due to the risk it poses to forest ecosystems and trade.
Pest control: Measures to control it include monitoring populations and avoiding the movement of firewood, which can spread the insect to new areas.
