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The Nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica) is a large beautiful bird found mainly in South East Asia and Oceania. It is the only living member of the genus Caloenas alongside the extinct Spotted green pigeon and is the closest living relative of the extinct dodo and Rodrigues solitaire.
Nicobar pigeons have developed a bright plumage; their head is grey, like the upper neck plumage, which turns into green and copper hackles. The tail is very short and pure white. The rest of their plumage is metallic green. The cere of the dark bill forms a small blackish knob; the strong legs and feet are dull red. Females are slightly smaller than males; they have a smaller bill knob, shorter hackles, and browner underparts. Immature birds have a black tail and lack almost all iridescence.
Nicobar pigeons are found on small islands and in coastal regions from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, east through the Malay Archipelago, to the Solomons and Palau. They inhabit rainforests, dry forests, mangroves, and shrubland.
Nicobar pigeons are highly nomadic and roam in flocks from island to island, usually sleeping on offshore islets where no predators occur; they spend the day in areas with better food availability, not shying away from areas inhabited by humans. Nicobar pigeons are most active at dawn and dusk and prefer to feed singly or in pairs. Although these birds spend most of their time on the forest floor, they are powerful flyers; their flight is quick, with regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings, as is characteristic of pigeons in general. Unlike other pigeons, groups of Nicobar pigeons tend to fly in columns or single file, not in a loose flock. The white tail is prominent in flight when seen from behind and may serve as a sort of "taillight", keeping flocks together when crossing the sea at dawn or dusk. Nicobar pigeons are very vocal birds and in order to communicate with each other, they give a low-pitched repetitive call.
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