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The Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin) is a modestly attired bird, lacking the flamboyant hues that adorn some of its relatives. This small, migratory passerine is characterized by its brown upperparts and rather nondescript dull white underparts. Both sexes are similarly clad, making them indistinguishable in the field, and the juveniles mirror the adults in their plainness. It is a bird of open woodland, often elusive, flitting through dense undergrowth with a tireless energy.
To identify the Garden Warbler, look for a bird approximately 14 cm in length, with a wing span of 7.6–8.4 cm. It has a whitish eyering and a faint pale supercilium, and its throat and flanks may show a buff wash. The bill is strong, with a grey upper and paler grey lower mandible. The legs are bluish-grey. The eastern subspecies, S. b. woodwardi, is slightly larger and paler than the nominate form.
The Garden Warbler selects open woodlands with a rich understorey for breeding. It shows a preference for deciduous woods with thickets and edges, often near water sources. Mature coniferous forests are typically avoided. In Africa, during the non-breeding season, it occupies a variety of wooded habitats, steering clear of both closed forests and arid regions.
This warbler breeds across most of Europe and into western Siberia, extending further north than any other Sylvia species. It is a strong migrant, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. The species is known to be vagrant in several regions outside its usual range.
The Garden Warbler is a bird of action, vigorously defending its territory against other Sylvia species. It is mainly monogamous and breeds once a year, with the male displaying and singing to attract a mate. The species is known for its strong migratory behavior, with a remarkable ability to metabolize body fat and even muscle during its long flights.
