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The black-backed swamphen (Porphyrio indicus) is a species of swamphen occurring from southeast Asia to Sulawesi and Borneo. It used to be considered a subspecies of the purple swamphen, which it resembles, but has a large shield, black upperparts, and the side of the head is blackish.
It tends to migrate away from urbanization and other human activity. It lives in wetlands, preferring those with slow-flowing water.
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Black-backed Swamphen is a very large rail with large triangular red bill and shield, pinkish red legs and long, slender toes. Sexes alike in plumage, but female somewhat smaller than male (female wing 218–235 mm, male wing 229–250 mm; female tarsus 75–83 mm, male tarsus 79–93 mm). Adult often has large shield. Crown and sides of head almost black, nape and sides of neck dark purplish blue, rest of upperparts dull black and glossed purplish blue on mantle (less so on lower back and rump), upperwing coverts dull black with green tinge; throat and center of breast turquoise-green to cerulean blue, sides of neck and lower breast purplish blue, belly blackish, undertail coverts white. Immature similar to adult but duller; bare parts duller than adult.
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Similar to other swamphens, occupies a variety of wetlands (e.g., ponds, lakes, marshes, swamps, rivers), fresh or brackish, fringed or overgrown by aquatic vegetation (e.g., Phragmites, Typha, sedges, waterlilies). May also occur near dams or sewage farms.
Believed to be resident; may make local movements in response to changing habitat conditions.
Presumably similar to other swamphens in being omnivorous, but primarily vegetarian, taking shoots, leaves, roots, stems, flowers and seeds of aquatic plants. Animal foods (e.g., molluscs, leeches, arthropods, small vertebrates) likely contribute small proportion of diet. Forages in cover, at edge of cover on muddy, sandy or hard shoreline, in shallow water and on floating vegetation, or in other habitats near water. Uses bill to cut or pull out plants, and to dismember food items, and uses foot to grasp and manipulate food.
