Heliotaurus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1781) is a common Mediterranean comb-clawed beetle (family Tenebrionidae) recognized by its shiny black body, dark red thorax (pronotum), and 9–11 mm size. Often called the "toro del sol" (sun bull), these diurnal beetles are found in sunny, flower-rich habitats from April to June, where they feed on pollen and nectar, acting as pollinators.
Key Facts about Heliotaurus ruficollis:
Appearance: They have a black head, reddish thorax (pronotum), and black elytra (wing covers) that may show subtle blue tints, along with long legs.
Habitat and Distribution: Highly common in the Western Mediterranean region, including Spain and North Africa, residing in meadows, gardens, and shrublands.
Diet and Behavior: Adults are strictly floricolous (flower-living), feeding on pollen and nectar. They are highly active during the hottest, sunniest hours.
Larval Stage: Larvae are saprophagous, living in the soil or decaying wood, where they contribute to nutrient recycling.
Ecological Role: They are considered beneficial pollinators, though they can sometimes be seen in large numbers on flowers.
Seasonality: Visible primarily during spring, from April to June.
Classification: Belong to the order Coleoptera, family Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles), and subfamily Alleculinae.
