The green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus ) is a small wader (shorebird) of the Old World.
The green sandpiper represents an ancient lineage of the genus Tringa ; its only close living relative is the solitary sandpiper (T. solitaria ). They both have brown wings with little light dots and a delicate but contrasting neck and chest pattern. In addition, both species nest in trees, unlike most other scolopacids.
Given its basal position in Tringa, it is fairly unsurprising that suspected cases of hybridisation between this species and the common sandpiper (A. hypoleucos ) of the sister genus Actitis have been reported.
This species is a somewhat plump wader with a dark greenish-brown back and wings, greyish head and breast and otherwise white underparts. The back is spotted white to varying extents, being maximal in the breeding adult, and less in winter and young birds. The legs and short bill are both dark green.
In flight it has a characteristic three-note whistle.
The green sandpiper breeds across subarctic Europe and east across the Palearctic and is a migratory bird, wintering in southern Europe, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and tropical Africa. Food is small invertebrate items picked off the mud as this species works steadily around the edges of its chosen pond.
It lays 2–4 eggs in an old tree nest of another species, such as a fieldfare (Turdus pilaris ). The clutch takes about three weeks to hatch.
Widely distributed and not uncommon, the green sandpiper is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN on a global scale. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Common migration and wintering species. Nests in clearings and meadows in damp woodlands in northern Europe and Russia. Found in wetlands of various types, both freshwater and brackish, especially lakes or small pools with muddy banks. Usually seen singly or in small groups, but never in mixed flocks. Tail wags up and down when alarmed, but not as often as Common Sandpiper. Dark upperparts with white breast. In flight, dark upperparts and wings contrasting with white rump. When flying, often takes off rapidly and flies fast with long wingbeats, swooping down not far.