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The Common Wood Pigeon, Columba palumbus, is a sizable bird of the dove and pigeon family, Columbidae, native to the western Palearctic. It is a predominantly grey bird with a pinkish breast, and adults can be distinguished by the white on their neck and wing. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males typically larger than females.
Adults of this species are marked by a series of green and white patches on their necks, and a pink patch on their chest. The eye color is a pale yellow. Juvenile birds lack the white neck patches and have a greyer beak and overall lighter grey appearance.
The Common Wood Pigeon is found in woods, parks, and gardens, and has adapted well to urban environments. It is a resident in southern and western Europe and a migrant in the colder northern and eastern parts.
This species ranges from Europe to western Siberia and Iraq, and from Northwest Africa to the Azores, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, western China, northwestern India, and Nepal.
The Common Wood Pigeon is known for its quick flight, characterized by regular beats and occasional sharp flicks of the wings. It is a gregarious bird, often forming large flocks outside the breeding season. Males are known to defend their territory with aggressive displays and direct combat.
