Curved-horn moths (superfamily Gelechioidea) are a massive, diverse group of primarily "micro-moths" comprising 15–21 families and over 18,000 described species worldwide. Defined by their distinct,, up-curved labial palps, they occupy varied habitats as leaf miners, case-bearers, or pests, with many larvae feeding on plants, fungi, or stored products.
Key Facts About Curved-Horn Moths (Gelechioidea)
Distinctive Appearance: The name comes from their well-developed, upward-curved labial palps, which resemble horns. They are generally small ("micro-moths").
Massive Diversity: With over 18,000 described species, it is one of the largest Lepidoptera superfamilies, and experts estimate only 25% of their total diversity has been described.
Etymology: The name Gelechioidea is derived from the type genus Gelechia, meaning "resting on the ground".
Ecological Roles & Habitats: They inhabit a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Their larvae act as miners (in leaves, stems, or seeds), case-bearers, gall-makers, and scavengers.
Agricultural Impact: Several species are significant pests, including the potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella), tobacco stem borer (Scrobipalpa aptatella), and white-shouldered house moth (Endrosis sarcitrella).
Key Families Included: The superfamily contains a diverse array of families, including:
Gelechiidae: Twirler moths.
Coleophoridae: Case-bearers.
Oecophoridae: Concealer moths.
Blastobasidae: iNaturalist.
Scythrididae: Flower moths.
Elachistidae: Grass-miner moths.
Scientific Significance: They are a basal lineage of the Ditrysia clade and are crucial for studying insect evolution and diversity.
