It grows in coastal habitats on shingle banks and beaches, but can also be found on cliff tops and in sand dunes.
It produces an orange foul smelling sap, if cut open. All parts of the plant, including the seeds, are toxic, and can cause a wide range of symptoms (if eaten), and respiratory failure, resulting in death.
Glaucine is the main alkaloid component in Glaucium flavum. Glaucine has bronchodilator and antiinflammatory effects, acting as a PDE4 inhibitor and calcium channel blocker, and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. Glaucine may produce side effects such as sedation, fatigue, and a hallucinogenic effect characterised by colourful visual images, and as a recreational drug. For a detailed bibliography on glaucine and Glaucium flavum see: National Agricultural Library. (Glaucium flavum entry)
In the past, it was known in Hampshire, UK as 'squatmore', and the roots were used to treat bruises. Also pains in the breast, stomach and intestines.
The Yellow Horned Poppy (Glaucium flavum) is a striking coastal plant known for its bright yellow, four-petaled flowers and long,, curved, horn-like seed pods that can reach 30 cm in length. Native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, this plant thrives on shingle beaches, dunes, and cliffs, often appearing in coastal areas. It is characterized by its blue-grey, fleshy leaves and poisonous yellow sap.
Key Facts About Yellow Horned Poppy
Appearance: Features large (55–75 mm), sunny-yellow flowers that bloom from June to September."Horned" Pods: The name comes from the long, narrow, curved pods that appear after the petals fall, resembling animal horns.
Poisonous Nature: All parts of the plant, especially the yellow sap, are toxic and contain alkaloids like glaucine, which can cause respiratory issues if consumed.
Habitat: It is a maritime plant found on shingle banks, sandy beaches, and sea cliffs.
