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The Square-tailed Nightjar, Caprimulgus fossii, is a nocturnal bird native to the tropical and subtropical woodlands of the Afrotropics. Its name, while not entirely accurate, draws attention to a notable characteristic of its tail, which is not completely square but is distinctive enough to warrant mention. This bird is also referred to by various names depending on the region, including the Gabon Nightjar, Gaboon Nightjar, or Mozambique Nightjar.
The Square-tailed Nightjar can be identified by its unique tail shape, which is less elongated than that of its close relatives. It exhibits a cryptic plumage that blends seamlessly with the woodland floor, an adaptation for its nocturnal habits.
This species thrives in tropical and subtropical woodlands, preferring environments that offer ample cover and open spaces for its nocturnal foraging.
The Square-tailed Nightjar is predominantly found south of the African equator, extending its range into the tropics during the northern hemisphere summer. It is a seasonal visitor to regions such as the northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Tanzania, southern Kenya, and southern Uganda. The bird is present year-round in countries including Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
